Volumetric and linear evaluation of the sphenoidal sinus of a Brazilian population, in cone beam computed tomography.

The determination of sex from skeletal remains has been widely used in biological profile reconstruction since these are some of the last structures to perish after death. The sphenoid sinus is located deeply in the skull and is enveloped by diverse structures within the sphenoid body. It is, therefore, less predisposed to injuries and/or pathological changes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of determining sex in a Brazilian population by means of linear and volumetric measurements of the sphenoid sinus, in addition to identifying and quantifying the presence of extensions of this sinus in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. In total 268 CBCT scans were analysed, from patients aged between 22 and 70 years old, of which 145 were female, and 123 were male. The images, representative of a Brazilian population, were selected by a dental radiologist from a CBCT image bank. The volumetric measurements were made by means of the segmentation software ITK-SNAP 3.0® and the linear inferio-superior, latero-lateral and anteroposterior measurements, as well as the presence of extensions of the sphenoidal sinus, were made using the CS Imaging Software®. The results of this study suggested that when comparing men and women, there were no statistical differences in the linear measurements and extensions of the sphenoidal sinus, although the values were considerable in the extensions for the pterygoid processes and greater wings of the sphenoid bone, particularly in women. However, there was a statistically significant difference when the sphenoidal sinus volume was compared, as it was larger for men (11.364 mm³ ± 4.229 mm³) than for women (10.000 mm³ ± 3.615 mm³). In summary, the sphenoidal sinus volumetric measurements in CBCT exams are useful for determining the sex of unknown individuals.

Myelography and residual contrast in panoramic radiography: case report / Presença de contraste residual de mielografia em radiografia panorãmica: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Myodil or pantopaque is an oil-based contrast solution often used up to 1980 for myelography, cisternography, and ventilography. Oilbased contrasts have a very slow clearance time in the cerebrospinal fluids and may encapsulate for decades and remain in the central nervous system and the interior of the spine. The knowledge of the existence of this rare condition coming from other radiographictests of the past, described in this clinical case, is essential when atypical radiographic images are found.

RESUMO O myodil ou o Pantopaque é uma solução de contraste a base de óleo usada frequentemente até 1980 para mielografia, cisternografia e ventilografia. Os contrastes à base de óleo têm um tempo de liberação muito lento nos fluidos cefalorraquidianos e podem encapsular por décadas e permanecer no sistema nervoso central e no interior da coluna vertebral. O conhecimento da existência dessa condição rara proveniente de outros exames radiográficos do passado, descritos neste caso clínico, é essencial quando são encontradas imagens radiográficas atípicas, principalmente em radiografia panorâmicas.

Formation of ghost images due to metal objects on the surface of the patient's face: A pictorial essay.

Panoramic radiographs are a relatively simple technique that is commonly used in all dental specialties. In panoramic radiographs, in addition to the formation of real images of metal objects, ghost images may also form, and these ghost images can hinder an accurate diagnosis and interfere with the accuracy of radiology reports. Dentists must understand the formation of these images in order to avoid making incorrect radiographic diagnoses. Therefore, the present study sought to present a study of the formation of panoramic radiograph ghost images caused by metal objects in the head and neck region of a dry skull, as well as to report a clinical case n order to warn dentists about ghost images and to raise awareness thereof. An understanding of the principles of the formation of ghost images in panoramic radiographs helps prevent incorrect diagnoses.

Dilaceração radicular: relato de caso clínico / Tooth with root dilaceration: case report

A dilaceração radicular é uma anomalia de forma dentária, geralmente associada a fatores etiológicos traumáticos, na qual há uma mudança de direção da raiz, onde a parte calcificada é deslocada em relação à parte não calcificada, podendo ocorrer em qualquer ponto ao longo do comprimento radicular, dependendo do estágio da formação radicular quando ocorre o trauma, o local e a intensidade. Esta condição acomete cerca de 3% dos dentes permanentes. O tratamento da dilaceração radicular é controverso e o planejamento é essencial. O objetivo deste trabalho é demostrar a importância das imagens radiográficas e tomográficas para o diagnóstico e planejamento do tratamento da dilaceração radicular por meio de um caso clínico.

The root dilaceration is an anomaly of tooth form, usually associated with traumatic etiological factors, in which there is a change in the direction of the root, where the calcified portion is offset from the not calcified part, and may occur at any point along the length root, depending on the stage of root formation occurs when injured, it’s location and intensity. This condition affects about 3% of permanent teeth. Treatment of dilaceration root is controversial and planning is essential. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the importance of radiographic and tomographic images for diagnosis and treatment planning of root tearing through a case report.